Lighting

Key Light

Its the most important light, its mostly the highest intensity light.

Filler Light

Used to soften the harsh shadows created by the key light and the back light. There can be more than one filler light.

Back Light

This light is set at the back of a character or an object. It makes the character or an object standout. Back light also helps to counteract the effect of key light 

Top Lighting 

Top lighting is when the light source is lighting the character or an object from above.

Under-lighting

 Under-lighting is when the main source of light is bellow the character or an object

High Key Lighting  

Hight key lighting is when most of the shot is brightly lit with few shadows.

Ambient Light
The light already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added.

Incident Light
Light seen directly from a light source (lamp, sun, etc).

Reflected Light

Light seen after having bounced off a surface.

Spot

A controlled, narrowly-focused beam of light.

Flood

A broad beam of light, less directional and intense than a spot.

Tungsten

Light from an ordinary light bulb containing a thin coiled tungsten wire that becomes incandescent (emits light) when an electric current is passed along it. Also known as incandescent light.

Incandescent

Incandescent lamps produce heat by heating a wire filament until it glows. The glow is caused by the filament's resistance to the current and is called incandescence.

Halogen

Type of lamp in which a tungsten filament is sealed in a clear capsule filled with a halogen gas.

Fresnel

A light which has a lens with raised circular ridges on its outer surface. The fresnel lens is used to focus the light beam.